Consulting

Fire and Explosion Analysis

A Fire and Explosion Analysis is performed in line with the requirements stipulated in the Scope of Work documentation, including reference to the Functional Specification for Safety Studies.

The study shall include:

• Determination of loss of containment scenarios
• Definition of flammable inventories, including location
• Definition of system properties for each flammable inventory, including volume, mass, pressure, temperature, etc
• Determination of fire scenarios
• Determination of a number of typical flammable product leakage scenarios
• Quantification of leakages
• Sizing, heat radiation and full duration of jet fires, including scenario at 30 minutes
• Sizing, heat radiation and full duration of pool fires, including scenario at 30 minutes
• Quantification of toxic releases where applicable
• Determination of required fire protection measures
• Identification of design features that will prevent or at a minimum minimize hydrocarbon leakage
• Identification of design features that will minimize hydrocarbon leakage quantities
• Identification of design features that will minimize the probability of ignition of hydrocarbon leakage
• Determination of fire zoning arrangements
• Determination of fire escalation potential to adjacent zones; the domino effects caused by heat radiation, direct flame impingement, BLEVE or explosion
• The potential for BLEVEs, explosion, over and under pressures
• Determination of fire and explosion scenarios and identification of the control measures that should be used to minimize the probability of those scenarios
• Determination of the effects of fire and explosion and the illustration of potential outcomes using heat radiation contours and overpressure contours superimposed onto plot plans or satellite images.
• Determination of lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) range contours and toxic gas dispersion contours superimposed onto plot plans or satellite images
• The potential extent of both toxic and flammable gas dispersion

This will provide sufficient information to enable the design of the fire protection design to proceed.

The FSA study will not include the following items, which should be assessed by a fire design specialist:

• Sizing of drains needed to remove worst-case hydrocarbon spills and used fire water
• The location and identification of potential bottlenecks that will result in pooling (topographical review)
• Per zone total firewater requirements; duration to effective emergency shut down

The results shall be illustrated for People, Environment, Asset, and Reputation, demonstrating as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) on the COMPANY risk matrix.